![]() The simplest security tokens do not need any connection to a computer. Tokens can contain chips with functions varying from very simple to very complex, including multiple authentication methods. ( March 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. Each password is observably unpredictable and independent of previous ones, whereby an adversary would be unable to guess what the next password may be, even with knowledge of all previous passwords. ![]() The open-source OATH algorithm is standardized other algorithms are covered by US patents. Each password is unique, even when previous passwords are known. Īnother type of one-time password uses a complex mathematical algorithm, such as a hash chain, to generate a series of one-time passwords from a secret shared key. Most also cannot have replaceable batteries and only last up to 5 years before having to be replaced – so there is an additional cost. However, some such systems, such as RSA's SecurID, allow the user to re-synchronize the server with the token, sometimes by entering several consecutive passcodes. The main problem with time-synchronized tokens is that they can, over time, become unsynchronized. Other token types do the synchronization when the token is inserted into an input device. For disconnected tokens, this time-synchronization is done before the token is distributed to the client. To do this, some sort of synchronization must exist between the client's token and the authentication server. Time-synchronized, one-time passwords change constantly at a set time interval e.g., once per minute. The authentication server encrypts a challenge (typically a random number, or at least data with some random parts) with a public key the device proves it possesses a copy of the matching private key by providing the decrypted challenge. Challenge–response token Using public key cryptography, it is possible to prove possession of a private key without revealing that key. Asynchronous password token A one-time password is generated without the use of a clock, either from a one-time pad or cryptographic algorithm. The token and the authentication server must have synchronized clocks. Synchronous dynamic password token A timer is used to rotate through various combinations produced by a cryptographic algorithm. This type is vulnerable to replay attacks. Static password token The device contains a password which is physically hidden (not visible to the possessor), but which is transmitted for each authentication. There are four different ways in which this information can be used:Īsynchronous password token for HSBC online banking. Some tokens have audio capabilities designed for those who are vision-impaired.Īll tokens contain some secret information that is used to prove identity. Connected tokens utilize a variety of interfaces including USB, near-field communication (NFC), radio-frequency identification (RFID), or Bluetooth. Some designs incorporate tamper resistant packaging, while others may include small keypads to allow entry of a PIN or a simple button to start a generating routine with some display capability to show a generated key number. Security tokens can be used to store information such as passwords, cryptographic keys used to generate digital signatures, or biometric data (such as fingerprints). Examples of security tokens include wireless keycards used to open locked doors, or a banking token used as a digital authenticator for signing in to online banking, or signing a transaction such as a wire transfer. It acts like an electronic key to access something. ![]() The token is used in addition to, or in place, of a password. A GoldKey security token connected to a laptopĪ security token is a peripheral device used to gain access to an electronically restricted resource.
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